What is a mining vibrating screen?
Mining vibrating screen is a widely used screening equipment in ore
processing and mineral sorting processes, mainly used for screening, grading,
dewatering, and media removal of minerals, ores, and other materials. It
achieves material grading or sorting through vibration. Mining vibrating screens
have a wide range of applications in industries such as mining, building
materials, metallurgy, chemical engineering, and power.
1、 Working principle
The working principle of mining vibrating screen is based on the physical
phenomenon of "screening". Its working principle is as follows:
Vibration effect:
The vibrating screen transmits the material to the surface of the sieve
through the vibration generated by the exciter, causing the material to vibrate
along the surface of the sieve and be graded through the pores of the sieve.
Material layering and sieving:
Under the action of vibration, larger particles cannot pass through the pores
of the sieve, while smaller particles fall through the pores of the sieve.
Through this process, the material is divided into different particle size
layers.
Sieve and sieve layer:
Vibration screens are usually equipped with multiple layers of mesh to
achieve separation of materials of different particle sizes. After passing
through various layers of screens, the material is divided into different
outlets according to particle size.
2、 Main components
The main components of a mining vibrating screen include:
Screen frame:
The screen frame is the basic structural part of a vibrating screen, which
carries components such as the screen mesh and exciter. It is usually made of
steel plates or other wear-resistant materials.
screen mesh:
The sieve is the core part of a vibrating screen, used for screening
materials. The size of the sieve aperture determines the accuracy of material
grading.
Exciter:
The exciter is the power source of the vibrating screen, which is driven by
an electric motor to generate vibration. Common exciters include eccentric
exciters, vibration motors, etc.
Supporting device:
The support device is used to support the entire frame of the vibrating
screen and ensure the stability of the screen mesh. Usually, spring or rubber
shock absorbers are used to reduce the damage of vibration to the equipment
structure.
Material flow channel:
The material flow channel guides the material through the sieve, usually
including the inlet, outlet, and other parts.
3、 Classification of mining vibrating screens
Mining vibrating screens can be classified according to their different
characteristics and uses, mainly including the following types:
Single layer vibrating screen:
Suitable for single coarse and fine grading of materials, with a simple
structure and easy maintenance.
Multi layer vibrating screen:
Suitable for occasions that require multiple grading or sorting, capable of
simultaneously separating materials of different particle sizes.
Circular vibrating screen:
Circular vibrating screen has a circular screen frame, suitable for screening
most minerals and commonly used in industries such as coal, ore, and building
materials.
Linear vibrating screen:
The motion trajectory of the linear vibrating screen is a straight line,
suitable for screening larger particles or materials that require a larger
screening area.
High frequency vibrating screen:
High frequency vibrating screen achieves finer screening through higher
frequency vibration, suitable for screening materials with smaller particles or
higher humidity.
Mining elliptical vibrating screen:
The screening of materials is achieved through the movement of elliptical
trajectories, which is suitable for situations that require large material
processing capacity and high grading accuracy.
4、 Application fields of mining vibrating screen
Mining vibrating screens have a wide range of applications in the mining
industry, including:
Ore screening:
In ore mining and mineral processing, mining vibrating screens are used to
grade ores and separate minerals of different particle sizes.
Coal washing:
In the coal industry, vibrating screens are used to grade, screen, remove
impurities, and improve the quality of coal.
Sand and gravel sorting:
In the production of building materials, vibrating screens are used to sort
sand and gravel materials to ensure that their particle size meets engineering
requirements.
Mineral processing:
During the beneficiation process, vibrating screens are used to separate ore
powder from coarse ore, optimizing the beneficiation process.
Chemical, building materials and other industries:
The vibrating screen can also be used for material sorting and screening in
other industries such as chemistry, building materials, and grain, and is widely
used for the grading treatment of fine powder and granular materials.
5、 Advantages and disadvantages of mining vibrating screen
advantage:
Efficient screening:
Mining vibrating screens have high screening efficiency and can quickly
screen large amounts of materials, making them particularly suitable for
large-scale ore screening in the mining industry.
Simple structure:
The structure of the vibrating screen is relatively simple, with low
maintenance and upkeep costs, making it suitable for long-term stable
operation.
Strong adaptability:
Capable of handling materials of different particle sizes, suitable for
various application scenarios.
High screening accuracy:
By selecting screens with different aperture sizes, mining vibrating screens
can achieve precise separation of materials with different particle sizes.
Easy maintenance:
Due to its simple structure, the maintenance and replacement of the mesh of
the mining vibrating screen are relatively simple.
Disadvantages:
Large footprint:
The vibrating screen equipment is relatively large and occupies a lot of
space, especially for multi-layer vibrating screens.
High humidity requirements for materials:
For materials with high humidity, the screening effect may be affected, which
may lead to clogging of the sieve mesh.
Easy to generate vibration:
The vibrating screen will generate significant vibrations during operation,
which may have a certain impact on the surrounding environment and equipment
structure.
6、 Maintenance and upkeep of mining vibrating screens
Regularly check the sieve mesh:
The screen mesh is the core component of the vibrating screen and needs to be
regularly inspected for wear, damage, or blockage to ensure the screening
effect.
Check the exciter and motor:
Regularly check the operation of the exciter to ensure its normal
functioning. Simultaneously check the electrical wiring and insulation of the
motor to prevent electrical faults.
Clean the discharge and feed ports:
Prevent material accumulation and blockage to ensure the normal flow of
materials.
Regular lubrication:
The moving parts in the vibrating screen need to be lubricated regularly to
reduce wear and extend the service life of the equipment.
Check the support device:
Ensure that the supporting springs, rubber shock absorbers, and other
components are intact to avoid equipment damage caused by excessive
vibration.
7、 Summary
Mining vibrating screen is an efficient, economical, and widely used
screening equipment that can achieve mineral classification and sorting, with
strong adaptability and screening accuracy. Although there are certain
limitations such as large footprint and humidity sensitivity, mining vibrating
screens are still indispensable and important equipment in industries such as
mining, coal, and building materials. Through reasonable maintenance and upkeep,
mining vibrating screens can maintain stable and efficient operation for a long
time, improving production efficiency.